Malaria epidemiology and control in refugee camps and complex emergencies pdf, 195kb. The emergency response must therefore be designed to meet the needs of all populations affected by a complex emergency refugee, idp and resident. The fieldbased practice of malaria control in complex emergencies typically did not reflect a thorough and current understanding of the disease and its contributing factors and. Malaria and mobility a brief history and overview malaria. Roll back malaria has become very active in supporting and encouraging operational research related to malaria control and development and assessment of new tools and technologies appropriate for use in complex emergencies see allan and guillet, 2002. Who malaria control in humanitarian emergencies an. Who outbreak surveillance and response in humanitarian emergencies 93. Establishing good case management and effective malaria prevention are important priorities for international agencies responsible for emergency health services. Some features of this site may not work without it. Implementing malaria control in a complex emergency generally requires concerted attention to coordination, communication, and organization because of the number of agencies involved, the fluidity with which emergency situations change, the limited consensus often seen among agencies regarding a plan of action for malaria control, and the lack of a single clearly identified organizing agency.
Malaria control in complex emergencies service temporarily down. Rbm technical support network on complex emergencies. Implementing malaria control in a complex emergency generally requires concerted attention to coordination, communication, and organization because of the number of agencies involved, the fluidity with which emergency situations change, the limited consensus often. Malaria control in complex emergencies an interagency field handbook. Community involvement in malaria control and prevention. Bloland abstract war, famine, civil conflict, and political persecution displacing large po pulations often leads to severe disrup tions in health services, disease control. As a result, the who regional office for the eastern mediterranean was requested by stagtb to carry out an evaluation of tb control in complex emergencies and define a framework and strategic directions. The interagency field handbook on malaria control in humanitarian emergencies was developed to set out effective malaria control responses in humanitarian emergencies, particularly during the acute phase when reliance on international humanitarian assistance is greatest. Malaria control in complex emergencies an interagency.
An rdt takes just 15 minutes and can be used in rural communities by trained. Malaria control in complex humanitarian emergencies citeseerx. Malaria prevention must go hand in hand with community participation. The emergency phase of a complex emergency is often marked by increased.
Implementing malaria control in a complex emergency generally requires concerted attention to coordination, communication, and organization because of the number of agencies involved, the fluidity with which emergency situations change, the limited consensus often seen among agencies regarding a. Prevention and treatment of malaria is more complex due to the emergence of drug resistance, pesticide resistant mosquito vectors, and large populations of infected people in many areas of the world. Guidelines for control of mosquitoes and flies in tsunami affected areas pdf, 26kb. Malaria control in complex humanitarian emergencies. The approach to malaria control in the acute phases of emergencies. Global malaria programme policy guidance on emergencies. In the past, malaria control in complex emergencies was a relatively. Malaria epidemiology and control in refugee camps and. A large number of nongovernmental agencies have worked alongside who to provide a coordinated response to malaria in these complex emergencies. In conflicts or in complex emergencies, factors that contribute to the increase of malaria morbidity and mortality include breakdown of health services and of malaria control programs, movement of people from low to high transmission areas, and environmental deterioration encouraging vector breeding 22, 23.
Case management of epidemicprone diseases pdf, 210kb. The transition to a postconflict, national government ownership, management and stewardship is not always smooth 9. Strategic orientation paper on prevention and control of malaria for national and international programme officers involved in malaria control at country level roll back malaria department operations support and capacity development whohtmmal2005. In 2000, burundian highlands experienced a large malaria outbreak at a time of civil unrest, constant insecurity and nutritional emergency. Pdf malaria control in complex humanitarian emergencies. Outline strategy for malaria control in complex emergencies.
The world health organization estimates that two billion people are at. Introduction introduces complex humanitarian emergencies and. People with malaria often experience fever, chills, and flulike illness. Countries in west africa develop a roadmap for reaching the 2010 malaria. Wirtz, cdc leading causes of childhood deaths background malaria is a parasitic disease caused by one of four protozoan. Tb control in complex emergencies has not been sufficiently evaluated or documented. Malaria control in emergencies world health organization. Factors promoting disease transmission interact synergistically leading to high incidence rates of diarrhoea, respiratory infection, malaria, and measles. In addition, a glossary is provided at the beginning of the handbook.
Full details of drug dosages are in the new who treatment guidelines 2005 and in the interagency handbook on malaria control in complex emergencies 2005. It is necessary to understand how a community perceives febrile illness, the importance. Complex emergencies result in high rates of death and illness, especially during the acute phase. Malaria control in complex emergencies forms part of the world health organizations roll back malaria rbm initiative. Control of communicable diseases and prevention of epidemics pdf, 208kb. Most of these deaths are in the poorest regions of the world.
Pdf on jan 1, 20, n howard and others published malaria control in humanitarian. In the past, malaria control in complex emergencies was a relatively lowpriority activity that was often disorganized, poorly conceived, and, ultimately, inadequate. Because of suspected high resistance to the first and second line treatments, the. Malaria is a mosquitoborne disease caused by a parasite. Detection and control, forecasting and prevention, who mal98. Vector control in a malaria epidemic occurring within a complex. Chapter 6, prevention describes the most useful approaches and tools currently available for vector control and personal protection from malaria in complex emergencies.
Strategic orientation paper on prevention and control of. Tuberculosis care and control in refugee and displaced populations. Unless individuals in communities see the merits of preventing the illness, even the bestdesigned prevention strategies might not be used. Malaria is one of the leading causes of morbidity and death worldwide, with over 100 million cases and at least a million deaths a year. Transactions of the royal society of tropical medicine and hygiene, 93, 465472. Malaria epidemiology and control in refugee camps and complex emergencies. Chapter 5, case management provides an overview of methods of diagnosis, treatment and patient care in complex emergencies. The areas of the world whose populations are most affected by complex emergencies are often those with the greatest malaria burden. Malaria in complex emergencies more than 80% of current complex emergencies are in malaria endemic areas. During the initial acute phase of the emergency, before health services become properly established, mortality rates may rise to alarming levels. Because malaria is a highly complex disease, the diversity of research to prevent and treat it is probably greater than for any other disease. This interagency field handbook sets out effective malaria control responses in humanitarian emergencies, particularly during the acute phase when reliance on international humanitarian assistance is greatest. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. At the time of writing there is a shortage of acts, in particular of artemetherlumefantrine.
A parasite is an organism that lives on or in a host and gets its food from or at the expense of its host. There are also unanswered questions about malaria prevention in complex emergencies, such as whether vector control is an appropriate response to outbreaks or can be implemented quickly enough to make a difference see chapter 8. Factors contributing to the malaria burden in complex emergencies differences from stable situations lack of government breakdown of health services collapse of malaria control programmes increased risk of epidemics movement of people to areas of high transmission increased vulnerability famine and malnutrition. Malaria the control mentor world health organization. Interagency handbook on malaria control in complex emergencies detailed health mapping completed for afghanistan and iraq with the surveillance and response csrhealthmap team surveillance software package for emergencies developed with csrlyon and csrhealthmap team gfatm and complex emergencies. An interagency handbook on malaria control in complex emergencies in press world health organization. African highlands often suffer of devastating malaria epidemics, sometimes in conjunction with complex emergencies, making their control even more difficult. Communicable diseases, alone or in combination with malnutrition, account for most deaths in complex emergencies.
This can create tension between the displaced and resident populations. Introduction malaria control during mass population. Once the situation stabilizes, however, and microscopy is established, slide positivity rates, rdt positivity rates or malaria incidence rates may be used to guide prioritization of settlements for vector control. Suggestions for further reading are included at the end of several chapters. When occurring during complex emergency situations their control is. Improving malaria control in complex emergencies malaria. Introduction malaria control during mass population movements. Pdf the public health aspects of complex emergencies and. Part of it takes place inside a human host and part of it. Bloland abstract war, famine, civil conflict, and political persecution displacing large po pulations often leads to severe disrup tions in health services, disease control programs, food distribution systems, and loss of shelter. A malaria survey may be carried out, covering fever incidence, malaria incidence, slide positivity rate and spleen rate. Vector control in a malaria epidemic occurring within a.
752 186 766 1055 860 1150 578 541 30 1541 1389 992 921 1119 123 584 32 210 1301 198 1462 1359 1138 942 516 483 106 694 21 442 354 694